Developing thermal barrier coatings operating at higher temperature and/or for very long durations (commercial aircraft applications) is one of the technological and economic challenges for engine manufacturers. This includes the search for (i)low thermal conductivity, high thermal stability and CMAS resistant ceramic top coats, and (ii)alternative low cost bond coats with improved oxidation resistance and chemical compatibility with the substrate. This paper reviews the rationale supporting the choice of new materials for each layer and presents some recommendations to develop more robust and more efficient systems with increased lifetime.